Apraxia is defined as a motor disorder resulting from dysfunction of cortical association areas caused by brain injury or trauma. Apraxic disorders and their symptoms vary across individuals. Individuals with apraxia can exhibit difficulty drawing, dressing, speaking, directing eye movements, and walking. Still others exhibit limb apraxia, a disorder of learned skilled purposive movement not caused by weakness, sensory problems, posture problems, or a lack of understanding. Specifically, individuals with limb apraxia have difficulty accessing or using previously constructed complex action programs. For example, when asked to mimic the use of a hammer or screwdriver, an individual with apraxia cannot demonstrate the proper movements.

Limb apraxia has a significant effect on the practical aspect of daily living. Activities such as toileting and bathing that require coordinating multiple steps become difficult. The inability to perform these tasks can result in a loss of independence. Apraxia can also further complicate other aspects of post-stroke recovery. For instance, individuals with aphasia (a disorder of spoken and/or written language) often need to rely on gestures, pointing, and writing to communicate their needs. The inability to do so, resulting from apraxia, presents great challenges to recovery and functional living.

Limb apraxia is not always immediately recognized and, therefore, requires a formal assessment to accurately diagnose. Treatment should be designed to improve the deficit itself, rather than modify the surroundings. Special care must be taken to minimize any risks to the individual.