Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator for Stroke Shoulder Pain Sponsor: NeuroControl Corporation (Cleveland, Ohio)

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) and surface electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to treat chronic stroke shoulder pain. Participants assigned to the PENS group are implanted with wires in the shoulder to directly electrically stimulate the shoulder muscles. Participants assigned to the TENS group wear patches on the surface skin of the shoulder and upper arm to electrically stimulate shoulder muscles. Pain reduction is compared.

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A Pilot Study Investigating the Feasibility of Using a Functional Tone Management (F.T.M.) Arm Training Program with the SaeboFlex Dynamic Hand Orthosis on an Inpatient Population

The SaeboFlex Dynamic Hand Orthosis, a device that positions the hand in a functional position, is currently used for post-stroke patients receiving out-patient therapy. It is believed that the earlier the intervention is introduced, the greater the potential benefit could be. The purpose of this study is to compare two inpatient therapies for functional loss in the hand. The first therapy consists of using the SaeboFlex Dynamic Hand Orthosis in conjunction with the Functional Tone Management (F.T.M)ArmTraining Program. The second therapy consists of conventional treatment for post-stroke patients.

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Efficacy of Pharmacological Treatment of Working Memory Impairment after Traumatic Brain Injury: Evaluation with fMRI

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a stimulating medication, modafinil on working memory and vigilance. Working memory is what one uses to store and use a small amount of information for a very brief period. Vigilance is the ability to demonstrate wakefulness and watchfulness. The effects of the medication will be evaluated using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine and paper and pencil tests to test different areas of brain functioning. Questionnaires are also given.

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A Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Safety Study of Pulmonary Function in Patients with Reduced Lung Function Treated with BOTOX® (Botulinum Toxin Type A) Purified Neurotoxin Complex for Focal Upper Limb Post stroke Spasticity

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effect of BOTOX® (Botulinum Toxin Type A) Purified Neurotoxin Complex (designated as BOTOX®) on breathing function in patients with muscle tightness (spasticity) in one arm and hand after a stroke and also have decreased breathing function not necessarily related to stroke. Participants will receive either a placebo, a low dosage of BOTOX®, or a high dose of BOTOX®. At each visit, arm and hand muscle tightness, vital signs, and breathing functions will be measured.

Evaluating the Effect of Chemoneurolytic Intervention on Balance and Performance on a ADA Modeled Obstacle Course in Spastic Hemiplegic Patients; an Open Label Trial

The purpose for this study is to evaluate the utility of assessing treatment outcomes by evaluating my balance and my timed walking performance on an obstacle course after I have received my clinical care. Participants are either injected in their leg with botulinum toxin (BOTOX®) or a temporary nerve block. Balance will be evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). A timed performance will also be measured both on level surfaces and on an obstacle course whose design has been based on the criteria discussed in the American with Disabilities Act.

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The Relationship between Fatigue and Endocrine Abnormalities Following Traumatic Brain Injury

The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of hormonal abnormality, fatigue, depression and hormonal abnormalities in the outpatient population who have had a TBI. Hormonal abnormalities will be measured through blood tests. Fatigue will be evaluated using paper and pencil tests along with a timed wall sit.

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